AWD vs. 4WD: Choosing the Right Drive System for Your Needs

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If you live in an area that experiences lots of snow and rain or want to drive off road, you might be considering getting a vehicle with all wheel drive (AWD) or four wheel drive (4WD). Since both types of vehicles send power to all four wheels, they are better than two-wheel-drive vehicles for driving in rough terrain or bad weather conditions.

Although people use these terms interchangeably, there are some key differences between them that you should know before making the best decision when shopping for your next truck, sedan or SUV. Continue reading this blog to learn about the difference between all wheel drive and 4WD!

What is all wheel drive (AWD)?

As the name suggests, all-wheel-drive (AWD) systems provide power to both the front and rear wheels all the time. Most of these systems automatically decide when to send power to all four wheels. It means you can focus on driving without worrying about how the system is working. There are actually two types of AWD systems:

Full-time AWD: This type drives all four wheels continuously.
Part-time AWD (or Automatic AWD): This type usually operates in either front-wheel drive or rear-wheel drive. It only sends power to all four wheels when extra traction is needed.

Also Read: Understanding Engine Misfires: Causes, Symptoms, and How to Fix Them

How does all wheel drive work?

You will find AWD in many cars and SUVs, and both full-time and part-time all-wheel-drive (AWD) systems usually work automatically without needing driver input. However, some systems let you choose how power is distributed.

They use different components like differentials and clutches to send power to the wheels to optimize traction while keeping the ride smooth in normal conditions.

Full-time AWD

Both the front and rear axles are powered all the time in full-time AWD. This helps the vehicle handle better on dry roads and provides constant traction in slippery conditions like mud, snow or ice.

A well-known example of full-time AWD is Audi’s Quattro system. However, Audi now often uses the part-time Quattro Ultra variant because it is more fuel-efficient.

Part-time AWD

Part-time AWD typically powers either the front or rear wheels, depending on the vehicle. It automatically engages the other set of wheels when extra traction is needed.

Modern part-time systems use electronic sensors that send information to a computer, which controls how power is distributed to each wheel. This type is commonly found in crossover SUVs and AWD cars.

What is four wheel drive (4WD)?

When people think of vehicles that power all four wheels, they often picture traditional four wheel drive (4WD) systems. This idea goes back to the early days of motor vehicles. Typically, a 4WD vehicle looks like a truck with high ground clearance, tow hooks, rugged tires and a tough underbody. 4WD is mostly found in trucks and truck-based SUVs.

How does four wheel drive work?

4WD technology has improved over the years. Today, you can find it in more comfortable and even luxury models. Moreover, 4WD systems use a combination of front, center and rear differentials, couplings to deliver power, and transfer cases to ensure the vehicle has traction in various conditions.

Although they are tough and can handle difficult situations, they are not as effective on paved roads because they usually only power the rear wheels. The transfer case is the key component of a 4×4 system as it connects the front and rear wheels. It distributes the power of the engine evenly to both axles and makes sure they turn at the same speed.

This helps 4 wheel drive vehicles perform better when driving off-road or getting out of slipper situations. There are two main types of 4WD:

Full-time 4WD

Just like AWD drive, this type continuously powers all four wheels. For example, late-model Toyota Land Cruisers always send power to both front and rear wheels and have a low-range option for tough off-road situations. Some models also allow drivers to control how power is split between the front and rear.

Part-time 4WD

Often found in trucks and SUVs made for extreme conditions, part-time 4WD usually operates in rear wheel drive. The driver must engage 4WD by pushing a button or shifting a lever.

Many part-time systems have locking differentials to help ensure both rear wheels get power. Not only this, but some setups even allow for locking the front differential to create a triple-locked system that provides maximum traction.

What is the difference between AWD and 4WD?

AWD sends power to all four wheels and can adjust automatically at any speed for better traction. It is best suited for on-road driving as well as light off-roading. On the other hand, 4 wheel drive links the front and rear wheels using a transfer case that divides power evenly between them.

It is designed for lower speeds and challenging terrain. Simply put, AWD drive is for everyday driving as it is easier for most drivers. In contrast, 4WD is meant for off-road situations and larger vehicles as it requires more driver input. This makes 4WD better for towing.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1- What are the disadvantages of AWD?

Ans. Here are some reasons why you might not want a car with all wheel drive (AWD):

Cost: AWD drive adds extra hardware and computing power, which increases the price by a few thousand dollars.
Off-road limitations: While AWD works well in rain, light off-roading and snow, it is not built for very rough or slippery terrain. As a result, you could get stuck if you go too far to the beaten path.
Weight: AWD systems are heavier and can reduce fuel economy by about 1-3 miles per gallon.

Q2- AWD vs 4WD: Which is better off-road?

Ans. 4 wheel drive vehicles excel off-road because they offer features like a low-range transfer case and locking differentials. They are great for handling mud, steep hills and rocks. On the other hand, while some AWD cars come with extra off-road features and selectable terrain modes to help with tough conditions, they are mostly designed for driving on pavement.

Q3- 4WD vs AWD: What should I choose?

Ans. The decision between AWD or 4WD depends on where you live, your personal preferences and the driving conditions you face. If you mostly drive on paved roads with some light off-roading, an AWD drive vehicle is a better choice.

However, you should look for a 4WD vehicle if you do heavier off-roading with rocks, mud and steep hills or need to tow heavy trailers.